the paradise island of Bali, tourists knew him. island of Bali is one part of the Indonesian archipelago is located in the eastern part of Indonesia. Bali has a lot of interesting things to visit. Island of the Gods is dissected by rivers, canals, and also heavily forested canyons. The valley and hill paddy colored overlays. The tip of the beautiful beaches, the lakes that fill the rest of the crater. The natural landscape of the island shows a place that almost blends fantasy with reality. Let alone humans, gods also must consider paradise.
The total population of Bali reached three million more, covering the elements of Hindu majority and minority elements of the Bali Aga. The latter is often regarded as the original inhabitants of Bali; their minority status is a result of the displacement of the population of Java since the 10th century. Now small groups Bali Aga people can be found mainly in the eastern part of the island.
In the 15th century AD, when the Majapahit empire was defeated by the forces of the Islamic kingdom of Demak, hundreds of Javanese-Hindu of various groups; nobles, scholars, clergy, artists, and ordinary citizens who notabennya faithful Majapahit then busy to flee to the island of Bali.1. The convictionBalinese belief is a complex phenomenon which is based on various aspects; Hinduism, Shiva, Buda and combined with ancestral traditions. Therefore the worship of spirits, ancestors, and the elements of nature combined with the teachings of Hinduism. In some cases, traditional ceremonies and religious rites there are differences from one region to another.
Most of the people of Bali, almost 95%, Hindu, although syncretic Hindu-shaped; Hindu-Bali or sometimes also called Hindu Dharma. One of the important ceremonies in Bali is ashing. During this ceremony takes place, gamelan, dance, and offerings to accompany the procession with a "tower decorated" paraded from the funeral home to the ashing. Indigenous complex has been somewhat eroded by the passage of time, although it still serves as a tourist attraction.
In the realm of belief Bali, Mount Meru Mahameru or have special status. Mahameru describe the significance as the core of life; from there the Gods regulate life on Earth. Mount as cosmos and even become the dominant element in the faith and their architecture.
The important part of religious rituals associated with the mountain in Bali, is a ceremony performed at the Mount Agung, the highest mountain and regarded as the "center of the earth '. At the foot of Mount Agung Besakih there. In addition to the celebration and the annual ceremony organized by the religious calendar, in this temple also held a ceremony for the cleansing of the universe called Eka Dasa Rudra, once every 100 years.
Cosmology and the symbolism of the mountain in Bali architecture can be seen in the shape and structure of temple architecture or characteristics that resemble gate tower there are grooved to resemble two separate parts of the pyramid and describes the two parts of the mountain, the other part of Mount Agung and Mount Batur embodiment. Other common symbol is the Meru; tens or even hundreds of buildings such as the pagoda stand in holy places, and in the courtyard of the temple. Banguan established rock layer that has a series of overlapping shape resembles a pyramid roof was covered by a black palm leaves. Number eleven, the amount stated on the basis of confidence associated with the order of the universe.
Beliefs, ceremonies, and celebrations has guided the lives of the Balinese from birth up to form alloys that reflect the cultural character of the society. Religious rules not only binds the form of the temple and the temple, but also organize village spatial structure of the house, and a series of rights and responsibilities in their life on this Earth; from eating until bedtime, from walking to narrate.
Social Life and Culture
The village is the main type of settlement in Bali. Each village is inhabited by 200 to several thousand people. Around a central square in the village there are Kuren, a collection of family homes is limited by high walls. Each Kuren populated several families who pray, cook, and eat together. Courses village center is a gathering place for the villagers who use
it for cultural activities, meetings, socializing, and so forth.The people of Bali are classified into two types, the first-dynasty-was based on descent, that every person is born as the nobility or Shudra (also known as Jaba, which literally means the vast palace). Nobility, next divided into three castes, namely the priests (brahmins) lords ruling (satriya) and soldiers (wesya). Most of the population of Bali is a Shudra. Social bookmarks second is based on one's home with the train system is the backbone of this order. In each village, there may be more than one row, every banjar covering member surrounding rural environment. The system is centered on man and every man of Bali are required to be members of a banjar, being female is prohibited. In each row, a member elected as the Chairman and gets at least some additional privileges such as to obtain rice at any particular celebration. Actually, banjo act like cooperatives, complete with mutual funds, and even ownership of the fields together.
Despite struggling with the blow of globalization and rapid information, distinctive culture that has long been rooted in Bali masarakat remained robust as their hallmark. Perhaps the change occurred, but they seem to be able to sync them back, some of the characteristics and the Balinese way in social life and its Cultural as follows:
Jatakarma Samskara (Birth Ceremony). Various arrangements should be made to welcome the birth of a baby, even starting from much preparation time since the baby still in the womb. A series of restrictions for women who are pregnant, for example: should not eat the food of animal origin; not allowed to eat the meat of the buffalo or pork; do not see blood or injured person; should not see the person who died; encouraged to stay home with the baby's birth ritual of purification that will run normally.
The father of the baby should be able to attend the birth of the baby and accompany his wife. When the baby was born, first, when the baby is born, the father was the one who had to cut the umbilical cord using a bamboo knife. Afterbirth was then stored and later to be looped around the neck of the baby. On day 21 after birth, the baby will be dressed in garments, such as; bracelets of silver or gold in accordance with the capabilities and the existing customary. Mepandes (Ceremony Cut Teeth). The ceremony in the transition from children to the next period that is run by the people of Bali is a tooth filing ceremony or mepandes, namely filing and leveling tooth-shaped upper canines. The goal is to reduce the evil nature or bad (sad Ripu). Mepandes implemented by a sangging as the direct executor accompanied by a Pandita (Pinandita).
Pawiwahan (marriage ceremony). Other transition ceremony is a wedding or Pawiwahan. Pawiwahan for the Balinese is testament before acintya and also to the public that the two people who are getting married (the bride) have committed themselves as husband and wife.
In the implementation of this marriage, will first have a good day, in accordance with its terms, ala-Ayuning. The
Balinese have their own way of calculating the day and a good date in
accordance with their pertanggalan, generally the day and a good time is
calculated by an expert who understands timing in Balinese calendar
system. Almost all people still know the Bali calendar system because they still use in their everyday Balinese calendar.The place to perform marriages can be performed at home the bride or the eligible female accordance with local customary law-village, kala, patra) -which implementation is led by a Pastor (Pinandita), Wasi and or Stakeholder.
Ngaben (Death Ceremony). Cremation is the funeral ceremony in the community of Bali which is done by cremation. Cremation is a series of wheel end human life on Earth. According to Hinduism, the spirit is immortal (perpetual), after residing in the human body, when the man was pronounced dead, the spirit would be reincarnated. But first, the spirit will first pass through a phase in nirvana to be purified; according to the record of life here on earth (karma). Cremation is the process of purification of the spirit of the sins of the past.
Therefore, the Balinese do not consider death as the end of everything, death is part of a new phase of life. As stated in the Bhagavadgita, the "end of keidupan is the beginning of death and death is life".
Art and artMusic, dance, and sculpture are three areas of concentration of art that became the center of artistic creativity exploration community. Bali is the cradle of one of the amazing variety of gamelan. In the culture of Bali, gamelan is essential for socio-cultural activities, and religious. Currently there are at least 20 different ensembles jeneis on the island of Bali. Most closely related to the performing arts; the other to accompany religious ceremonies and customs.
Balinese gamelan sound of buzzing around the island of Bali; temple, town, village, square, in the market, the palace to the stages the world stage. Gamelan accompanied by other instruments such as gongs, c saron, eng-bell, xylophone, etc. The composition of gamelan instruments can be changed according to region and type of show-performances are held.
Besides music, Balinese dances are art performances attract attention. Balinese dance is not always have grooves. The main purpose is to conduct every stage dancers move with full expression. Its beauty lies primarily on the impact of visual and kinesthetic movement Noetic and styled. Some of the best examples of the abstract or abstract dances are Pendet, Gabor Dance, Line Dance, Trance Dance and Legong Dance.
In Bali, there are various types of dances with different functions such as for religious ceremonies, welcoming guests, drama or musical performances, and much more. Pendet, Gabor, Line, and Sanghyang plays an important role in religious activities and classified sacred dances (guardian) or dance ceremonies, while Legong danced in the show that does not have to do with religion. These dances are accompanied by gamelan pelog-gamelan gong kebyar- with different composition and arrangement of you. Gabor Tari Pendet and a welcome dance, an expression of joy, happiness, and gratitude through the beautiful and gentle motion. This dance is performed by a pair or group of dancers. Paa past, both Brazilians dance this dance that was held at the temple to welcome and worship the gods who dwell in temples during ceremonies temple ceremony.
Legong is often regarded as a symbol of the beauty of Bali. Characteristic of this dance are the dancers bring a fan. Legongi dance beauty lies in the relationship between the dancers and gamelan harmony.
Gamelan accompanying Legong Gamelan Semar is Pagulingan. Some play is commonly performed in Legong rooted in folklore milsanya Malat story that delves Prabu Lasem, and Jobog Kuntir story that delves into the Vali Sugriva, the story of Brahma Vishnu when looking for the tip and base Lingganya Shiva, and so forth.
In addition Pendet dance, Gabor Dance, Line Dance, Trance Dance and Legong Dance, dance Equally famous is the Kecak dance, dance also Jauk.
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